![]() A decrease in hemoglobin and an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and levels of myoglobin were reported by our study group 12. Additionally, an impairment of lung function and liver function as well as a dysregulation of the immune system have been described 8, 9, 10, 11. Long term changes commonly affect bones and muscles atrophy. The most important changes comprise an increase in cardiac output and pulmonary flow as well as changes of the baroreceptor reflex and the cerebrovascular autoregulatory system 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. ![]() The adaptation of human organ systems following exposure to microgravity has been investigated in former studies. Therefore space medicine, representing an indispensable requirement for save and successful missions, gained major awareness 1, 2. Besides an established Mars program by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and a manned mission to the moon planned by both the Chinese space agency and NASA, space flights are also entering the private sector. Human space missions regained international focus in the last years. Based on our results, we suggest a change in cell cycle regulation as potential explanation for adaptational changes observed in space missions. Our findings suggest cellular adaption to gravitational changes at the post-transcriptional level. A target network analysis identified genes of the p53 signaling pathway and the cell cycle highly enriched among the targets of the four microRNAs. miR-486-5p showed a significant increase 24 h after parabolic flight compared to 1 h after parabolic flight but not to baseline values. miR-941 and miR-24-3p showed a significant decrease 24 h after parabolic flight compared to 1 h after parabolic flight but not to baseline values. Only miR-223-3p showed a consistent significant decrease 24 h after parabolic flight compared to baseline values and values at 1 h after parabolic flight. Four miRNAs evidenced a significant change in expression after adjusting for multiple testing. In total, 213 miRNAs were robustly detected (TPM > 5) by small RNA sequencing in all 24 samples. Analysis of circulating miRNAs in serum was conducted by means of next generation sequencing. At baseline, 1 and 24 h after parabolic flight, venous blood was withdrawn. Each subject underwent 31 short-term phases of weightlessness and hypergravity induced by parabolic flight as a spaceflight analogue. Eight healthy volunteers (age: 24.5 years, male: 4, female: 4) were included. This study aims to analyse changes in the expression of circulating miRNAs following exposure to gravitational changes. Understanding physiologic reactions to weightlessness is an indispensable requirement for safe human space missions.
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